If I knew ... I wish I knew .../Второе условное предложение

Рассмотрите следующий пример:

Sarah wants to phone Paul, but she can't do this because she doesn't know his number. She says:

If I knew his number, I would phone him.

Сара говорит: If I knew his number ... . Это показывает нам, она не знает его телефонного номера, не владеет информацией. На самом деле она только воображает, что могла бы позвонить...

Когда мы составляем предложения под такие "воображаемые" ситуации, мы используем if + past (if I knew / if you were / if we didn't etc.). Но в этих случаях всегда речь идет о настоящем, не о прошлом:

- Tom would read more if he had more time,  (but he doesn't have much time)
- If I didn't want to go to the party, I wouldn't go.  (but I want to go)
- We wouldn't have any money if we didn't work,  (but we work)
- If you were in my position, what would you do?
- It's a pity you can't drive. It would be useful if you could.

После wish мы также используем прошедшее время. (I wish I knew/I wish you were etc.). Мы используем wish, чтобы выразить сожаление о чем-то, что не соответсвует желаемому, и мы бы хотели, чтобы оно было именно так:

- I wish I knew Paul's phone number. (=I don't know it and I regret this)
- Do you ever wish you could fly? (you can't fly)
- It rains a lot here. I wish it didn't rain so often.
- It's very crowded here. I wish there weren't so many people,  (there are a lot of people)
- I wish I didn't have to work tomorrow, but unfortunately I do.

If I were / if I was

После if и wish, вы можете использовать were вместо was (if I were ... /I wish it were etc.). Также можно использовать I was / it was. Еще примерыy:

- If I were you, I wouldn't buy that coat.     or       If I was you, ...
- I'd go out if it weren't so cold.    or       ... if it wasn't so cold.
- I wish Carol were here.     or       I wish Carol was here.

Обычно не используется would в той части предложения, где находится if или после wish:

- If I were rich, I would have a yacht,  (not If I would be rich)

- I wish I had something to read, (not I wish I would have)

Однако все же иногда можно встретить wish ... would: I wish you would listen.

Could иногда означает 'would be able to', а также 'was/were able to':

- You could get a better job (you could get =you would be able to get)
if you could use a computer.    (you could use =you were able to use)

Упражнения

1) Поставьте глагол в правильной форме:

It I ... knew ...    (know) his number, I would phone him.

I ... wouldn't buy ...   (not / buy) that coat if I were you.

I ................................ (help) you if I could, but I'm afraid 1 can't,

We would need a car if we ............................... (live) in the country.

If we had the choice, we ................................ (live) in the country.

This soup isn't very good. It ........................ (taste) better if it wasn't so salty.

I wouldn't mind living in England if the weather ............................ (be) better.

If I were you, I .......................... (not /wait). I ............. (go) now.

You're always tired. If you ................................. (not / go) to bed so late every night, you wouldn't be tired all the time.

I think there are too many cars. If there ....................... (not / be) so many cars, there .................................... (not/be) so much pollution.

2) Напишите предложения, начинающиеся с I wish:

I don't know many people (and I'm lonely)
..................I wish I knew more people.......................

I don't have a mobile phone (and I need one). 
I wish ......................................................................

Helen isn't here (and I need to see her).
................................................................................

It's cold (and I hate cold weather).
................................................................................

I live in a big city (and I don't like it).
................................................................................

I can't go to the party (and I'd like to).
................................................................................

I have to work tomorrow (but I'd like to stay in bed).
...............................................................................

I don't know anything abour cars (and my car has just broken down).
...............................................................................

I'm not feeling well land it's not nice).
................................................................................

Ответы к предыдущему уроку

1) 3. 'd take / would take
    4. closed down
    5. wouldn't get
    6. pressed
    7. did
    8. 'd be / would be
    9. didn't come
  10. borrowed
  11. walked
  12. would understand

2) 2. If he took his driving test, he'd fail it. / ... he would fail it.
    3. If we stayed at a hotel, it would cost too much.
    4. If she applied for the job, she wouldn't get it.
    5. If we told them the truth, they wouldn't believe us.
    6. If we invited Bill, we'd have to invite his friends too. / ... we would have to ...